TWO-PART SIKURIS FOR THE PIANO PREFACE
This volume includes 13 pieces of music from the Peruvian Altiplano (Andean high plateau where is placed Lake Titicaca) arranged for the piano. The pieces are associated to the siku or zampoña traditions and they belong to sikuri genre. They were compiled by the author some decades ago and published in the book “El Siku Altiplánico. Estudio de los Conjuntos Orquestales de Sikus Bipolares del Altiplano Peruano” Prize of Musicology 1982, Casa de las Américas, Havana, Cuba (Valencia-Chacón 1989b) and in other many ethnomusicological writings and books.
In this volume the Altiplano sikuris that originally have an heterophonic texture (multipart parallelism with melodies in different octaves and fifths) have been arranged and adapted maintaining a structure basically shaped by two parts: the original melody ( the main voice) to be generally played by the right hand and an additional voice in the bass to be played by the left hand. From this main structure derives the given title: “Two-part Sikuris for the Piano”, in spite of the additional notes and chords proper of the piano technique.
The arrangements of the thirteen sikuris are not in someway arbitrary: the author, musician and composer born in Puno (Capital city of the Peruvian Altiplano), maintains and extends the traditional style of the instrumental Altiplano music; that is, the music created and interpreted by the typical “estudiantinas puneñas,” ensembles composed of mandolins, violins, accordions, guitars and “guitarrones” (bass-guitars).
Sikuri music included in this volume is characterized by its syncopated-fashion. Rhythmic patterns that the author named “1st order syncope rhythms” and “2nd order syncope rhythms” constitute the fundamental elements that, resembling a kind of bricks, form the rhythmic structure of the sikuri melodies, and in general, of the Altiplano music.
It is amply known that Andean music and, in general, Latin American pop music have syncopation as a distinctive element. Besides, jazz and modern music from anywhere in the world, including contemporary academic music, widely utilize syncopated rhythms, contrasting with the classic European tradition that does not emphasize on these rhythms. So that, the modern pianist requires the domain of syncopation, regardless of the fact that the conventional literature for piano training is lacking of resources and skills with respect to this.
Thus, the pieces of music that embrace this volume have been conceived not only as a contribution to the Latin America piano music repertory, but also, given their characteristics, with a complementary propose: as training pieces for the practice of syncopated rhythms. So that, the author aspires that the present volume and the following from the same collection (“The Art of Syncopation”), can also be considered as an Andean contribution to reinforce the didactical literature for piano in regard to syncopation.
As remarks in Note 2, in general sikuri music is bi-modal: it modulates from the minor mode to its relative major; and then, back to the minor mode. Very few of this traditional pieces belong to an unique major mode. According to this statistics, this volume of 13 sikuris contents only one sikuri ( the first) in major mode (G). The resting twelve are bi-modal sikuris and they have respectively been written in the twelve tonalities (minor/major) of the tempered system. This manner of writing the sikuris emphasizes the traditional employ of multiple diatonic scales (different siku’s sizes) by the diverse siku ensembles from the Peruvian Altiplano. Traditionally, diatonic scales are identified by means of a number, which indicates the approximated external length in centimeters of the biggest tube of the “arca”.
Of course, these diversity of tonalities used in notating the sikuris in this volume has also been done with the propose of increase its didactic efficacy, embracing all the sounds of the chromatic scale, in the same way of Preludes and Fugues of the Well-Tempered Clave and other similar didactic works of J.S. Bach.
We hope that this first volume of thirteen Two-part Sikuris for the Piano have the usefulness mentioned, and be well receipted by the pianistic community.